கரு ஆதாரத்திலான மெய்நிகர் இயந்திரம்

கெ.வி.எம் என அறியப்படும் கரு ஆதாரத்திலான மெய்நிகர் இயந்திரம் (ஆங்கிலம்: Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)) என்பது லினக்சுக்கான ஒரு மெய்நிகராக கட்டமைப்பு ஆகும். இது பல வன்பொருள் வளங்களை ஒப்புருவாக்கி, பல இயக்குதளங்களை ஒரு பெளதீக வன்பொருளில் இயக்க உதவுகிறது.

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Virtual Machine (VM)

A virtual machine (VM) is an operating system (OS) or application environment that is installed on software, which imitates dedicated hardware. The end user has the same experience on a virtual machine as they would have on dedicated hardware.

Specialised software, called a hypervisor, emulates the PC client or server's CPU, memory, hard disk, network and other hardware resources completely, enabling virtual machines to share the resources. The hypervisor can emulate multiple virtual hardware platforms that are isolated from each other, allowing virtual machines to run Linux and Windows Server operating systems on the same underlying physical host. Virtualization limits costs by reducing the need for physical hardware systems. Virtual machines more efficiently use hardware, which lowers the quantities of hardware and associated maintenance costs, and reduces power and cooling demand. They also ease management because virtual hardware does not fail. Administrators can take advantage of virtual environments to simplify backups, disaster recovery, new deployments and basic system administration tasks.

Virtual machines do not require specialized, hypervisor-specific hardware. Virtualization does, however, require more bandwidth, storage and processing capacity than a traditional server or desktop if the physical hardware is going to host multiple running virtual machines. VMs can easily move, be copied and reassigned between host servers to optimize hardware resource utilization. Because VMs on a physical host can consume unequal resource quantities -- one may hog the available physical storage, while another stores little -- IT professionals must balance VMs with available resources.

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Hyper-V Cmdlets in Windows PowerShell

Windows PowerShell® is a task-based command-line shell and scripting language designed especially for system administration. This reference topic for the information technology (IT) professional provides assistance in utilizing the Windows PowerShell cmdlets to script and automate tasks.

Hyper-V

This reference provides cmdlet descriptions and syntax for all Hyper-V-specific cmdlets. It lists the cmdlets in alphabetical order based on the verb at the beginning of the cmdlet.

cmdlet	Description
Add-VMDvdDrive	Adds a DVD drive to a virtual machine.
Add-VMFibreChannelHba	Adds a virtual Fibre Channel host bus adapter to a virtual machine.
Add-VMGroupMember	Adds group members to a virtual machine group.
Add-VMHardDiskDrive	Adds a hard disk drive to a virtual machine.
Add-VMMigrationNetwork	Adds a network for virtual machine migration on one or more virtual machine hosts.
Add-VMNetworkAdapter	Adds a virtual network adapter to a virtual machine.
Add-VMNetworkAdapterAcl	Creates an ACL to apply to the traffic through a virtual machine network adapter.
Add-VMNetworkAdapterExtendedAcl	Creates an extended ACL for a virtual network adapter.
Add-VmNetworkAdapterRoutingDomainMapping	Adds a routing domain and virtual subnets to a virtual network adapter.
Add-VMRemoteFx3dVideoAdapter	Adds a RemoteFX video adapter in a virtual machine.
Add-VMScsiController	Adds a SCSI controller in a virtual machine.
Add-VMStoragePath	Adds a path to a storage resource pool.
Add-VMSwitch	Adds a virtual switch to an Ethernet resource pool.
Add-VMSwitchExtensionPortFeature	Adds a feature to a virtual network adapter.
Add-VMSwitchExtensionSwitchFeature	Adds a feature to a virtual switch.
Add-VMSwitchTeamMember	Adds members to a virtual switch team.
Checkpoint-VM	Creates a checkpoint of a virtual machine.
Compare-VM	Compares a virtual machine and a virtual machine host for compatibility, returning a compatibility report.
Complete-VMFailover	Completes a virtual machine’s failover process on the Replica server. Removes all recovery points on a failed over virtual machine.
Connect-VMNetworkAdapter	Connects a virtual network adapter to a virtual switch.
Connect-VMSan	Associates a host bus adapter with a virtual storage area network (SAN).
Convert-VHD	Converts the format, version type, and block size of a virtual hard disk file.
Copy-VMFile	Copies a file to a virtual machine.
Debug-VM	Debugs a virtual machine.
Disable-VMConsoleSupport	Disables keyboard, video, and mouse for virtual machines.
Disable-VMEventing	Disables virtual machine eventing.
Disable-VMIntegrationService	Disables an integration service on a virtual machine.
Disable-VMMigration	Disables migration on one or more virtual machine hosts.
Disable-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter	Disables one or more RemoteFX physical video adapters from use with RemoteFX-enabled virtual machines.
Disable-VMResourceMetering	Disables collection of resource utilization data for a virtual machine or resource pool.
Disable-VMSwitchExtension	Disables one or more extensions on one or more virtual switches.
Disable-VMTPM	Disables TPM functionality on a virtual machine.
Disconnect-VMNetworkAdapter	Disconnects a virtual network adapter from a virtual switch or Ethernet resource pool.
Disconnect-VMSan	Removes a host bus adapter from a virtual storage area network (SAN).
Dismount-VHD	Dismounts a virtual hard disk.
Enable-VMConsoleSupport	Enables keyboard, video, and mouse for virtual machines.
Enable-VMEventing	Enables virtual machine eventing.
Enable-VMIntegrationService	Enables an integration service on a virtual machine.
Enable-VMMigration	Enables migration on one or more virtual machine hosts.
Enable-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter	Enables one or more RemoteFX physical video adapters for use with RemoteFX-enabled virtual machines.
Enable-VMReplication	Enables replication of a virtual machine.
Enable-VMResourceMetering	Collects resource utilization data for a virtual machine or resource pool.
Enable-VMSwitchExtension	Enables one or more extensions on one or more switches.
Enable-VMTPM	Enables TPM functionality on a virtual machine.
Export-VM	Exports a virtual machine to disk.
Export-VMSnapshot	Exports a virtual machine checkpoint to disk.
Get-VHD	Gets the virtual hard disk object associated with a virtual hard disk.
Get-VHDSet	Gets information about a VHD set.
Get-VHDSnapshot	Gets information about a checkpoint in a VHD set.
Get-VM	Gets the virtual machines from one or more Hyper-V hosts.
Get-VMBios	Gets the BIOS of a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMComPort	Gets the COM ports of a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMConnectAccess	Gets entries showing users and the virtual machines to which they can connect on one or more Hyper-V hosts.
Get-VMDvdDrive	Gets the DVD drives attached to a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMFibreChannelHba	Gets the Fibre Channel host bus adapters associated with one or more virtual machines.
Get-VMFirmware	Gets the firmware configuration of a virtual machine.
Get-VMFloppyDiskDrive	Gets the floppy disk drives of a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMGroup	Gets virtual machine groups.
Get-VMHardDiskDrive	Gets the virtual hard disk drives attached to one or more virtual machines.
Get-VMHost	Gets a Hyper-V host.
Get-VMHostCluster	Gets virtual machine host clusters.
Get-VMHostNumaNode	Gets the NUMA topology of a virtual machine host.
Get-VMHostNumaNodeStatus	Gets the status of the virtual machines on the non-uniform memory access (NUMA) nodes of a virtual machine host or hosts.
Get-VMHostSupportedVersion	Returns a list of virtual machine configuration versions that are supported on the host.
Get-VMIdeController	Gets the IDE controllers of a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMIntegrationService	Gets the integration services of a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMHostSupportedVersion	Retrieves a key protector for a virtual machine.
Get-VMMemory	Gets the memory of a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMMigrationNetwork	Gets the networks added for migration to one or more virtual machine hosts.
Get-VMNetworkAdapter	Gets the virtual network adapters of a virtual machine, snapshot, management operating system, or of a virtual machine and management operating system.
Get-VMNetworkAdapterAcl	Gets the ACLs configured for a virtual machine network adapter.
Get-VMNetworkAdapterExtendedAcl	Gets extended ACLs configured for a virtual network adapter.
Get-VMNetworkAdapterFailoverConfiguration	Gets the IP address of a virtual network adapter configured to be used when a virtual machine fails over.
Get-VmNetworkAdapterIsolation	Gets isolation settings for a virtual network adapter.
Get-VMNetworkAdapterRoutingDomainMapping	Gets members of a routing domain.
Get-VMNetworkAdapterTeamMapping
Get-VMNetworkAdapterVlan	Gets the virtual LAN settings configured on a virtual network adapter.
Get-VMProcessor	Gets the processor of a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMRemoteFx3dVideoAdapter	Gets the RemoteFX video adapter of a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMRemoteFXPhysicalVideoAdapter	Gets the RemoteFX physical graphics adapters on one or more Hyper-V hosts.
Get-VMReplication	Gets the replication settings for a virtual machine.
Get-VMReplicationAuthorizationEntry	Gets the authorization entries of a Replica server.
Get-VMReplicationServer	Gets the replication and authentication settings of a Replica server.
Get-VMResourcePool	Gets the resource pools on one or more virtual machine hosts.
Get-VMSan	Gets the available virtual machine storage area networks on a Hyper-V host or hosts.
Get-VMScsiController	Gets the SCSI controllers of a virtual machine or snapshot.
Get-VMSecurity	Gets security information about a virtual machine.
Get-VMSnapshot	Gets the checkpoints associated with a virtual machine or checkpoint.
Get-VMStoragePath	Gets the storage paths in a storage resource pool.
Get-VMSwitch	Gets virtual switches from one or more virtual Hyper-V hosts.
Get-VMSwitchExtension	Gets the extensions on one or more virtual switches.
Get-VMSwitchExtensionPortData	Retrieves the status of a virtual switch extension feature applied to a virtual network adapter.
Get-VMSwitchExtensionPortFeature	Gets the features configured on a virtual network adapter.
Get-VMSwitchExtensionSwitchData	Gets the status of a virtual switch extension feature applied on a virtual switch.
Get-VMSwitchExtensionSwitchFeature	Gets the features configured on a virtual switch.
Get-VMSwitchTeam	Gets virtual switch teams from Hyper-V hosts.
Get-VMSystemSwitchExtension	Gets the switch extensions installed on a virtual machine host.
Get-VMSystemSwitchExtensionPortFeature	Gets the port-level features supported by virtual switch extensions on one or more Hyper-V hosts.
Get-VMSystemSwitchExtensionSwitchFeature	Gets the switch-level features on one or more Hyper-V hosts.
Get-VMVideo	Gets video settings for virtual machines.
Grant-VMConnectAccess	Grants a user or users access to connect to a virtual machine or machines.
Import-VM	Imports a virtual machine from a file.
Import-VMInitialReplication	Imports initial replication files for a Replica virtual machine to complete the initial replication when using external media as the source.
Measure-VM	Reports resource utilization data for one or more virtual machines.
Measure-VMReplication	Gets replication statistics and information associated with a virtual machine.
Measure-VMResourcePool	Reports resource utilization data for one or more resource pools.
Merge-VHD	Merges virtual hard disks.
Mount-VHD	Mounts one or more virtual hard disks.
Move-VM	Moves a virtual machine to a new Hyper-V host.
Move-VMStorage	Moves the storage of a virtual machine.
New-VFD	Creates a virtual floppy disk.
New-VHD	Creates one or more new virtual hard disks.
New-VM	Creates a new virtual machine.
New-VMGroup	Creates a virtual machine group.
New-VMReplicationAuthorizationEntry	Creates a new authorization entry that allows one or more primary servers to replicate data to a specified Replica server.
New-VMResourcePool	Creates a resource pool.
New-VMSan	Creates a new virtual storage area network (SAN) on a Hyper-V host.
New-VMSwitch	Creates a new virtual switch on one or more virtual machine hosts.
Optimize-VHD	Optimizes the allocation of space used by virtual hard disk files, except for fixed virtual hard disks.
Optimize-VHDSet	Optimizes VHD set files.
Remove-VHDSnapshot	Removes a snapshot from a VHD set file.
Remove-VM	Deletes a virtual machine.
Remove-VMDvdDrive	Deletes a DVD drive from a virtual machine.
Remove-VMFibreChannelHba	Removes a Fibre Channel host bus adapter from a virtual machine.
Remove-VMGroup	Removes a virtual machine group.
Remove-VMGroupMember	Removes members from a virtual machine group.
Remove-VMHardDiskDrive	Deletes one or more virtual hard disks (VHDs) from a virtual machine (VM).
Remove-VMMigrationNetwork	Removes a network from use with migration.
Remove-VMNetworkAdapter	Removes one or more virtual network adapters from a virtual machine.
Remove-VMNetworkAdapterAcl	Removes an ACL applied to the traffic through a virtual network adapter.
Remove-VMNetworkAdapterExtendedAcl	Removes an extended ACL for a virtual network adapter.
Remove-VMNetworkAdapterRoutingDomainMapping	Removes a routing domain from a virtual network adapter.
Remove-VMNetworkAdapterTeamMapping
Remove-VMRemoteFx3dVideoAdapter	Removes a RemoteFX 3D video adapter from a virtual machine.
Remove-VMReplication	Removes the replication relationship of a virtual machine.
Remove-VMReplicationAuthorizationEntry	Removes an authorization entry from a Replica server.
Remove-VMResourcePool	Deletes a resource pool from one or more virtual machine hosts.
Remove-VMSan	Removes a virtual storage area network (SAN) from a Hyper-V host.
Remove-VMSavedState	Deletes the saved state of a saved virtual machine.
Remove-VMScsiController	Removes a SCSI controller from a virtual machine.
Remove-VMSnapshot	Deletes a virtual machine checkpoint.
Remove-VMStoragePath	Removes a path from a storage resource pool.
Remove-VMSwitch	Deletes a virtual switch.
Remove-VMSwitchExtensionPortFeature	Removes a feature from a virtual network adapter.
Remove-VMSwitchExtensionSwitchFeature	Removes a feature from a virtual switch.
Remove-VMSwitchTeamMember	Removes a member from a virtual machine switch team.
Rename-VM	Renames a virtual machine.
Rename-VMGroup	Renames virtual machine groups.
Rename-VMNetworkAdapter	Renames a virtual network adapter on a virtual machine or on the management operating system.
Rename-VMResourcePool	Renames a resource pool on one or more Hyper-V hosts.
Rename-VMSan	Renames a virtual storage area network (SAN).
Rename-VMSnapshot	Renames a checkpoint.
Rename-VMSwitch	Renames a virtual switch.
Repair-VM	Repairs one or more virtual machines.
Reset-VMReplicationStatistics	Resets the replication statistics of a virtual machine.
Reset-VMResourceMetering	Resets the resource utilization data collected by Hyper-V resource metering.
Resize-VHD	Resizes a virtual hard disk.
Restart-VM	Restarts a virtual machine.
Restore-VMSnapshot	Restores a virtual machine checkpoint.
Resume-VM	Resumes a suspended (paused) virtual machine.
Resume-VMReplication	Resumes a virtual machine replication that is in a state of Paused, Error, Resynchronization Required, or Suspended.
Revoke-VMConnectAccess	Revokes access for one or more users to connect to a one or more virtual machines.
Save-VM	Saves a virtual machine.
Set-VHD	Sets properties associated with a virtual hard disk.
Set-VM	Configures a virtual machine.
Set-VMBios	Configures the BIOS of a Generation 1 virtual machine.
Set-VMComPort	Configures the COM port of a virtual machine.
Set-VMDvdDrive	Configures a virtual DVD drive.
Set-VMFibreChannelHba	Configures a Fibre Channel host bus adapter on a virtual machine.
Set-VMFirmware	Sets the firmware configuration of a virtual machine.
Set-VMFloppyDiskDrive	Configures a virtual floppy disk drive.
Set-VMHardDiskDrive	Configures a virtual hard disk.
Set-VMHost	Configures a Hyper-V host.
Set-VMHostCluster	Configures a virtual machine host cluster.
Set-VMKeyProtector	Configures a key protector for a virtual machine.
Set-VMMemory	Configures the memory of a virtual machine.
Set-VMMigrationNetwork	Sets the subnet, subnet mask, and/or priority of a migration network.
Set-VMNetworkAdapter	Configures features of the virtual network adapter in a virtual machine or the management operating system.
Set-VMNetworkAdapterFailoverConfiguration	Configures the IP address of a virtual network adapter to be used when a virtual machine fails over.
Set-VmNetworkAdapterIsolation	Modifies isolation settings for a virtual network adapter.
Set-VmNetworkAdapterRoutingDomainMapping	Sets virtual subnets on a routing domain.
Set-VMNetworkAdapterTeamMapping
Set-VMNetworkAdapterVlan	Configures the virtual LAN settings for the traffic through a virtual network adapter.
Set-VMProcessor	Configures one or more processors of a virtual machine.
Set-VMRemoteFx3dVideoAdapter	Configures the RemoteFX 3D video adapter of a virtual machine.
Set-VMReplication	Modifies the replication settings of a virtual machine.
Set-VMReplicationAuthorizationEntry	Modifies an authorization entry on a Replica server.
Set-VMReplicationServer	Configures a host as a Replica server.
Set-VMResourcePool	Sets the parent resource pool for a selected resource pool.
Set-VMSan	Configures a virtual storage area network (SAN) on one or more Hyper-V hosts.
Set-VMSecurity	Configures security settings for a virtual machine.
Set-VMSecurityPolicy	Configures the security policy for a virtual machine.
Set-VMSwitch	Configures a virtual switch.
Set-VMSwitchExtensionPortFeature	Configures a feature on a virtual network adapter.
Set-VMSwitchExtensionSwitchFeature	Configures a feature on a virtual switch.
Set-VMSwitchTeam	Configures a virtual switch team.
Set-VMVideo	Configures video settings for virtual machines.
Start-VM	Starts a virtual machine.
Start-VMFailover	Starts failover on a virtual machine.
Start-VMInitialReplication	Starts replication of a virtual machine.
Start-VMTrace	Starts tracing to a file.
Stop-VM	Shuts down, turns off, or saves a virtual machine.
Stop-VMFailover	Stops failover of a virtual machine.
Stop-VMInitialReplication	Stops an ongoing initial replication.
Stop-VMReplication	Cancels an ongoing virtual machine resynchronization.
Stop-VMTrace	Stops tracing to file.
Suspend-VM	Suspends, or pauses, a virtual machine.
Suspend-VMReplication	Suspends replication of a virtual machine.
Test-VHD	Tests a virtual hard disk for any problems that would make it unusable.
Test-VMNetworkAdapter	Tests connectivity between virtual machines.
Test-VMReplicationConnection	Tests the connection between a primary server and a Replica server.
Update-VMVersion	Updates the version of virtual machines.

Note:

To view a list all the cmdlets that are available for Hyper-V, run the  Get-Command -Module Hyper-V command.

For more information about, or for the syntax of, any of the cmdlets, use the Get-Help  cmdlet, where  is the name of the cmdlet that you want to research. For more detailed information, you can run any of the following cmdlets: 

● Get-Help  -Detailed
● Get-Help  -Examples
● Get-Help  -Full

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